Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive methods that can be used to treat pain caused by vertebral compression fractures, vertebral hemangioma and other causes of vertebral pain that do not respond to typical medical therapies. In percutaneous vertebroplasty, fluoroscopy is used to inject acrylic cement under local anesthesia into the fractured vertebrae through a hollow needle. The fracture maybe due to osteoporosis, trauma or tumor. vertebroplasty is performed in outpatient setting and there are two mechanisms which may cause pain relief. First, when acrylic cement fuses with the fragmented bone, it prevents painful motion of the fracture fragments against each other. Second, as the acrylic cement hardens, it produces heat due to polymerization which may result in pain relief as well. Kyphoplasty is similar to percutaneous vertebroplasty except that it uses balloon tamp to make space into the fractured vertebrae and then acrylic cement is injected into that space. For kyphoplasty, the patient needs to be admitted into the hospital. An advantage of kyphoplasty over vertebroplasty is that it can be used to restore the height of the compressed vertebral body.