Tracheal pathology
Tracheal agenesis (TA):::It is a rare congenital malformation in which the trachea may be completely absent (agenesis), or partially in place but underdeveloped (atresia). In both cases, proximal-distal communication between the larynx and the alveoli of the lungs is lacking. Tracheomalacia ::: It is a condition where the cartilage that keeps the trachea open is soft such that the trachea partly collapses especially during increased airflow. The usual symptom is stridor when a person breathes out. Tracheal stenosis::: It is a narrowing of the windpipe that can occur after radiation therapy, prolonged use of a breathing tube, or other procedures. Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) ::: It is a rare congenital malformation in which discrete cartilaginous rings are replaced by a grossly uninterrupted cartilaginous sleeve. Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF):::It is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagusand the trachea.Congenital TEF can arise due to failed fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridges after the fourth week of embryological development.
