
Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency classified into three main types based on the location of the cord relative to the fetus and cervix: overt prolapse (cord descends past the presenting part), occult prolapse (cord lies alongside the presenting part), and cord presentation (cord is below the fetus with membranes intact). These occur when the cord drops into the cervix before or alongside the baby, risking compression and hypoxia.