
The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is the largest cranial nerve, responsible for transmitting sensory data—touch, pain, and temperature—from the face to the brain, while also controlling muscles for chewing. It divides into three branches: the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves. Dysfunction causes conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, a chronic pain syndrome.