
Erythema multiforme (EM) is usually an immune system overreaction to an infection, most commonly the Herpes Simplex Virus (cold sores) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae (bacterial chest infection). Other triggers can include certain medications (like antibiotics, anticonvulsants) or vaccines, and less commonly, other viruses (hepatitis, Epstein-Barr) or autoimmune conditions. The rash is the body's reaction to these triggers, causing red, itchy patches or target-like lesions, often on hands, feet, arms, and legs.