
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) treatment usually involves surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), the most effective cure, often done laparoscopically. For patients unfit for surgery, medications like ursodiol may dissolve small cholesterol stones, though this takes time and stones often recur. Other options include ERCP for bile duct stones or temporary drainage (cholecystostomy) for severe infections, but surgery remains the gold standard for symptomatic gallstones.