A thyroid neoplasm is a tumor of the thyroid gland, which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumors can range from benign thyroid adenomas to malignant carcinomas like papillary, follicular, medullary, or anaplastic thyroid cancer. While most thyroid nodules are benign, it's crucial to identify and manage those that are malignant.