Sheeza Basharatabout 6 hours ago

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers, while a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal opening that fails to close after birth, persisting in as many as 25-30% of adults. ASDs are considered structural defects that can lead to complications like right heart enlargement and heart rhythm problems, whereas most PFOs are small, clinically insignificant, and may only be associated with risks of blood clots causing strokes or migraines. Atrial