Fainting is a temporary, sudden loss of consciousness, medically known as syncope, caused by a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain due to low blood pressure. It typically results in a person falling down or becoming limp, but consciousness is regained quickly as blood flow to the brain returns. Common causes include dehydration, standing up too quickly, extreme emotions, heat, and certain medications. While often not serious, repeated fainting or fainting with other symptoms like chest pain should prompt a doctor's visit to rule out underlying conditions like heart problems.