A ranula is a fluid collection or cyst that forms in the mouth under the tongue. It is filled with saliva (spit) that has leaked out of a damaged salivary gland. Sometimes, the cause of a ranula is unknown and the swelling occurs spontaneously. In other cases, ranulas occur after trauma to the floor of the mouth (like an oral surgery). An injury can damage the ducts that move saliva from the salivary gland into the mouth, causing a blockage.