Abdominal Cavity Abdominal cavity is a hollow space between chest, which makes the thoracic cavity, and hips, which make the peritoneal cavity. This space is lined by peritoneum and contains gastrointestinal system which consists of esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Surgery of any trauma or pathology of abdomen usually produces abdominal lesions in this cavity. Most commonly, abdominal lesions manifest as partial or complete intestinal obstruction. It prevents movement of food, stool and gas through the intestines. Abdomen and pelvis (abdominopelvic cavity) together form the biggest cavity of human body.