Violent coughing or retching can cause tears in the lower esophagus. These tears are known as Mallory Weiss tears. The tearing of lower esophagus may also occur secondary to hiatal hernia or any etiology causing rise in intrabdominal pressure. The signs and symptoms of Mallory Weiss tears are: - Bright red vomiting / vomit with coffee grounds - Black stools - Weakness - Dizziness - Dyspnea - Diarrhea Reference: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/malloryweiss-tear Image via: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/esophageal-and-swallowing-disorders/mallory-weiss-syndrome