Cauda Equina Syndrome:_ Cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerves that arise from the distal end of spinal cord. Compression of these produces a range of s/s collectively called as cauda equina syndrome. *Causes include disc prolapse, extrinsic or primary cord tumors , spinal stenosis, trauma and abcess formation. *Suspected pt. should be assessed with full lower limb neurological examination. *Signs to look :_ Saddle area anesthesia Incontinence, retention of urine and feaces Reduced anal tone Paralysis and sensory loss (may or may not be) *MRI for confirmation of dignosis *Treatment..Surgical decompression