Possible causes of rectal bleed
Some causes, like hemorrhoids, may not need treatment. But others, like colorectal cancer, need urgent care. Ulcers, anal fissures and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are other possible causes. A healthcare provider can help determine the cause of your hematochezia — the medical term for rectal bleeding or blood in your stool. How does rectal bleeding appear? You might see or experience rectal bleeding in a few different ways, including: Noticing fresh blood on your toilet paper when you wipe. Seeing blood in the bowl of the toilet after you use the bathroom. The water in the bowl might look like it’s been dyed red. Seeing bright red, dark red or tarry black poop in the toilet. When bleeding comes out from your anus (butthole), we call it rectal bleeding, but in fact, the bleeding could be coming from anywhere in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Your stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and anus are all one continuous pathway, and all gastrointestinal bleeding comes out the same way. What does blood in stool look like? When you have blood in your stool, it can look a few different ways. You may have bright red streaks of blood on your poop, or you might see blood clots or blood and mucus mixed in with it. Your stool could also look dark, black and tarry. The color of the blood you see may be a clue to where it’s coming from: Bright red blood in your stool usually means the bleeding is lower in your colon, rectum or anus. Dark red or maroon blood can mean that you have bleeding higher up in your colon or your small intestine. Melena (black stool) often points to bleeding in your stomach, such as a bleeding stomach ulcer. Sometimes, rectal bleeding isn’t visible to the naked eye and can only be seen through a microscope. This is called occult bleeding. You may discover this type of blood in your stool if you have a lab test done on a stool sample called a fecal occult blood test. It’s a screening test for colorectal cancer. ADVERTISEMENT Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy Is blood in your stool serious? Not necessarily, but it could be. It’s a good idea to check with a healthcare provider any time you have rectal bleeding or blood in your stool. Some minor conditions might not need treatment, but sometimes they might. Rectal bleeding could also be a sign of a more serious condition that needs treatment. Is bright red blood in my stool worse than darker blood? Bright red blood in your stool might be more alarming because it suggests active bleeding. Darker blood usually suggests older bleeding that’s not active anymore. But darker blood in your stool can be deceiving. It doesn’t always mean the bleeding has stopped, only that it’s coming from someplace higher up. Bleeding in your upper GI tract takes longer to travel through your body and out of your anus. As it travels, the digestive chemicals inside gradually turn it darker. Bright red blood comes from lower down. It could be from something relatively harmless, like a flesh wound. An upper GI bleed is less likely to be harmless. ADVERTISEMENT When should you worry about blood in your stool? It never hurts to check with a healthcare provider about blood in your stool, especially if: You don’t know why it’s happening. Sometimes, rectal bleeding relates to a condition that you already know you have. You might not be particularly surprised if you have bleeding when you have constipation, diarrhea or a chronic bowel disease. On the other hand, if blood in your stool is your first sign of any gastrointestinal disease, this is more surprising and concerning. It’s painful. Pain is always a red flag that something in your body needs attention. Notice where the pain is located. If it’s in your anus or rectum, it might be a fresh wound. If you feel pain in your lower abdomen, it might be colitis — inflammation in the lining of your colon, which has many causes. If you have upper abdominal pain and black stools, it might be your stomach. It’s heavy or frequent. Heavy or frequent bleeding is more likely to lead to serious blood loss, including anemia and, in rare cases, hypovolemic shock. If you have sudden severe bleeding, or if you’ve had consistent bleeding for several days, seek healthcare right away. If you have a sudden drop in blood pressure and feel lightheaded or like you’re fainting, go to the emergency room (ER). It’s been going on for a week or longer. Even if you’re not bleeding very much and you don’t feel any pain, rectal bleeding that’s gone on for some time needs treatment. A slow bleed can still lead to significant blood loss over time. More importantly, it’s a sign of a condition that isn’t improving. That condition may be doing other damage besides causing blood in your stool. Possible Causes What causes rectal bleeding? There are many different reasons why you might experience hematochezia — rectal bleeding or blood in your stool. These causes vary from common and mild conditions to more severe and rare conditions that need immediate medical attention. Sometimes other symptoms can offer clues to the possible cause. Common causes of rectal bleeding include: Hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen veins inside your rectum or anus. They’re very common, and they’re the most common cause of rectal bleeding. These veins bulge close to the surface of the skin, and sometimes the skin breaks and they bleed. They’re not serious. They usually relate to straining or pressure, like from pregnancy, heavy lifting or straining to poop. Anal fissure: An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of your anal canal. Like a hemorrhoid, it often happens after straining to pass a hard stool. Anal fissures are easily mistaken for hemorrhoids. They both relate to constipation, and both can cause anal pain and bleeding. A fissure can be more painful. Both can heal on their own, but sometimes a fissure needs treatment to heal. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes chronic (ongoing) inflammation in the lining of your bowels — your small and large intestines. Crohn’s disease mostly affects your small intestine, while ulcerative colitis mostly affects your large intestine. IBD causes chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea and, when it’s severe, it can cause bleeding. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis occurs in your colon, usually in the lower end, close to your rectum. It happens when little pockets in the inner lining of your colon — called diverticula — become infected and inflamed. Inflammation in these pockets can make the blood vessels inside more fragile and more likely to rupture. If this happens, it can cause acute rectal bleeding.