Erythema multiforme is a skin and mucous membrane reaction, often triggered by infections or medications. The most common cause is the herpes simplex virus (HSV), particularly HSV-1, which is associated with cold sores. Less frequently, other infections like Mycoplasma pneumoniae (a type of bacteria) or fungal infections can be culprits. Certain medications, including some antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, and NSAIDs, can also cause erythema multiforme.