The main causes of chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric atrophy are autoimmune due to pernicious anemia or chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. In the former condition, there is severe atrophy of the corpus (oxyntic mucosa), with the antrum being speared.No consensus from different studies exists regarding the reversibility of atrophic gastritis; however, removal of H pylori from the already atrophic stomach may block further progression of the disease.