Heart Murmurs are abnormal sounds heard as a result of abnormal flow of blood through the heart. These abnormal heart sounds can be innocent (murmurs present without any pathology e.g. in childhood or pregnancy) or can be a result of any underlying pathology. The differential diagnosis of heart murmurs are as follows: SYSTOLIC MURMURS Ejection systolic murmur: Flow murmurs (e.g. in children, pregnancy), in fever, following exercise. Pansystolic murmurs: Mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, tricuspid regurgitation, atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. Early systolic murmurs: Mitral valve prolapse Late systolic murmur: Acute severe mitral regurgitation DIASTOLIC MURMURS Early diastolic murmur: Aortic regurgitation, Pulmonary regurgitation, Tricuspid stenosis Mid-diastolic murmur: Mitral stenosis, Aortic regurgitation (Austin Flint murmur)