Acute pharyngitis
Viral causes are more common in adults but it is important to identify the organism. Group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis), C diphtheria, M pneumonia are common bacterial species. Rhinovirus, Cytomegalovirus(CMV), EBV, Influenza virus are other common organisms. Among clinical symptoms fever, sore throat, tonsillar exudate, pharyngeal erythema as shown in picture and scarlatiniform rash indicating scarlet fever are typical of streptococcal pharyngitis. Early antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis can prevent rheumatic fever but not glomerulonephritis. Coryza, hoarseness, rhinorrhea, cough and conjunctivitis are few atypical symptoms. It is diagnosed by clinical evaluation, rapid Group A Streptococci antigen detection and throat culture. If strep infection is suspected begin antibiotics therapy with penicillin for ten days. Cephalosporins, amoxicillin and azithramycin are alternative options. Symptoms relief can be attained with fluids, rest, antipyretics and saltwater gargles.
