Poland syndrome- Absence of chest wall muscles!
Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence of pectoral muslces- pectoralis major (usually sternocostal head) and pectoralis minor. Absence of 2-4 rib segments is also seen. Affected patients may have underdevelopment or absence of one nipple along with patchy absence of axillary hair. There is absence of underlying subcutaneous tissue and axillary fat. Poland syndrome has several variants and is associated with different other anomalies. One of the most common anomalies is Sprengel deformity. In this deformity, the scapula is placed unusually elevated. Hand and forearm are hypoplastic. Hand deformities are seen also in which there is ipsilateral stiffness and webbing of fingers and the fingers are abnormally short. In above shown pictures: (A) Left-sided Poland syndrome (agenesis of the pectoral muscles, hypoplasia of the breast and nipple, hypoplasia of the subcutaneous tissue, and upper extremity shortness) can be appreciated. (B) Right-sided Poland syndrome and Sprengel deformity can be observed (C) The appearance of hands of a patient with left-sided Poland syndrome and brachysyndactyly can be seen. Images and descriptions via: https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975%2814%2902009-8/fulltext
