A true knot - this umbilical cord have tied a knot in utero!
A true knot in the umbilical cord is exactly what it sounds like - a knot that forms in the baby's umbilical cord. Cord knot itself is rarely a problem but an associated tightening leading to an umbilical cord knot is a concern where arterial compromise can cause severe complications such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In general, the belief is that true knot of the cord is formed in early pregnancy between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation, when relatively more amniotic fluid is present and greater fetal movement occurs, allowing the baby to be active in the uterus and move through a loop or loops of cord. It is associated with advanced maternal age, multiparity, and long umbilical cords, and can ultimately occurs when a woman is undergoing labor as well. When risk factors are present, knots are detected via standard ultrasound test. Compression of the cord vessels when the knot tightens is the main cause of fetal loss so cesarean delivery may be considered once a diagnosis of a true cord knot is made. Photo by @kristinamigs
Hemodynamic stimuli&nonhemodynamic stimuli
