🦋 Donor Human Milk ▫️Donor milk generally refers to milk donated to a milk bank by a mother with excess supply, usually a woman who delivers a term infant and generally later in lactation. ▫️After rigorous screening processes, the milk is processed by the pooling of donations from 3–10 donors and heat treated at 62.5°C for 30 minutes, the Holder pasteurization method. ▫️Donor milk is used primarily in NICUs to support the feeding of preterm neonates whose mothers have inadequate milk production to meet their neonates’ needs. ▫️The Holder pasteurization process results in a milk that is free of microbial contamination, but biologically and immunologically active factors may be affected adversely, including immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, erythropoietin, lipase, and insulin. - The heat treatment does not affect oligosaccharides (which may be active in preventing NEC). ▫️Donors are screened for human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus1, human T-lymphotropic virus2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. ▪️Avery's diseases of the newborn, 2018