A more classical approach to periodontal tissue regeneration being developed. A, The support scaffold is developed and shaped to the desired geometry. B, In this method, cells are again harvested from the patient’s periodontal ligament (PDL) and seeded into a scaffold, where they are expanded in vitro. C, The cells are allowed to grow for a time to allow synthesis of an appropriate matrix for implantation. D, A periodontal defect is shown. E, The tissue-engineered matrix is implanted into the defect site, leading to a regenerative response. F, In this method the fully regenerated periodontal defect is expected to be indistinguishable from other sites in the patient’s mouth.