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Pituitary gland

T he pituitary gland also called the hypophysis, is a small gland—about 1 centimeter in diameter and 0.5 to 1 gram in weight—that lies in the sella turcica, a bony cavity at the base of the brain, and is connected to the hypothalamus by the pituitary (or hypophysial) stalk. Physiologically, the pituitary gland is divisible into two distinct portions: the anterior pituitary, also known as the adenohypophysis, and the posterior pituitary, also known as the neurohypophysis. Between these portions is a small, relatively avascular zone called the pars intermedia, which is much less developed in the human being but is larger and much more functional in some animals.