A 75-year-old woman with a history of angina pectoris is admitted to the hospital. The patient's examination reveals a systolic murmur that can be heard at home and sounds like the carotid arteries. Electrocardiogram (ECG) shows left ventricular hypertrophy with evidence of left atrial enlargement. Echodetects aortic valve surface area of 0.7 cm2. What is the most appropriate next step in its management? a. Medical management with a nitrate and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor b. Endarterectomies of the carotid arteries, on both sides c. Percutaneous coronary artery angioplasty and stenting d. Coronary artery bypass surgery e. Replacing the aortal valve
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Treatment of decompensated heart failureSystolic heart failureSymptoms of systolic heart failureCauses of systolic heart failureTreatment of systolic heart failure The first goal of treatment for HFrEF is to treat any underlying causes. For example, if you have hypertension, you may need drugs to manage your blood pressure. If you have diabetes, you should take medications to control blood sugar. Some patients may need surgery or an implanted device to help the heart function.
Your healthcare provider may also recommend some lifestyle changes to help manage underlying conditions and keep your heart as healthy as possible:
Avoid alcohol, smoking and illegal drugs.
Exercise regularly. Start slowly, and always warm-up and cool down.
Limit salt intake. Most patients with heart failure should consume no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day.
Maintain a healthy weight. Track your weight, and report any sudden increases to your healthcare provider.
Participate in a cardiac rehab program.
Reduce stress and get plenty of rest.Drugs in anginaCoronary artery dominanceCoronary artery dominanceLargest heart on earth49.A 17-year-old boy took a tablet X for a headache. Drug X is a weak acid with a pka of 6.8. What percentage of the drug was most likely water soluble in the patient's plasma? Select one:
a. 80%
b. 65%
c. 99%
d. 1%
e. 52%