Types of Pemphigus
There are two major forms of pemphigus, and they are categorized based on the layer of skin where the blisters form and where the blisters are found on the body. The type of antibody that attacks the skin cells also helps define the type of pemphigus. The two main forms of pemphigus are: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type in the United States. Blisters form in the mouth and other mucosal surfaces, as well as on the skin. They develop within a deep layer of the epidermis and are often painful. There is a subtype of the disease called pemphigus vegetans in which blisters form mainly in the groin and under the arms. Pemphigus foliaceus is less common and only affects the skin. The blisters form in upper layers of the epidermis and may be itchy or painful. Other rare forms of pemphigus include: Paraneoplastic pemphigus. This type is characterized by sores in the mouth and on the lips, but blisters or inflamed lesions usually also develop on the skin and other mucosal surfaces. Severe lung problems may occur with this type. People with this type of the disease usually have a tumor, and the disease may improve if the tumor is surgically removed. IgA pemphigus. A type of antibody called IgA causes this form. Blisters or pimple-like bumps often appear in groups or rings on the skin. Drug-induced pemphigus. Certain medicines, such as some antibiotics and blood pressure medications, as well as drugs that contain a chemical group called a thiol, may bring on pemphigus-like blisters or sores. The blisters and sores usually go away when you stop taking the medication. Pemphigoid is a disease that is different from pemphigus but shares some of its features. Pemphigoid produces a split where the epidermis and the underlying dermis meet, causing deep, rigid blisters that do not break easily.