How is the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) affected by seizures?
The efficacy of ECT does not depend on the motor seizure duration. Effective ECT seizures last from 15 to 70 seconds as seizures less than 15 seconds are not effective and prolonged seizures can cause cognitive impairment. If a seizure is short or missed, a higher electrical current is given along with a short period of hyperventilation. If a person experiences seizures for longer than required, they are given agents like benzodiazepine, propofol, or methohexital to suppress the seizure activity and prevent neurologic injury. During ECT, the seizure activity is witnessed by the duration of the motor seizure. EEG is used to measure the total seizure activity however, the motor seizure activity is measure on the right foot via EMG. Due to the administration of neuromuscular blockades, the EMG record might be wrong. Therefore, motor seizure activity is measured by the ‘cuff technique’ in which a blood pressure cuff is inflated on the patient’s foot or hand to prevent the circulation of muscle relaxant thus allowing a visual monitor of seizure activity with measurement of tonic-clonic contractions.