Pectus excavatum refers to the deformity of the sternum characterized by the bone sunken inwards. Since pectus excavatum arises secondary to excessive connective tissue growth joining the sternum and the ribs, hence any condition that increases the growth of connective tissue can also cause this sternal deformity. These conditions are: - Noonan syndrome - scoliosis - Rickets - Poland syndrome - Marfan syndrome Reference: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003320.htm Image via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectus_excavatum