Diya10 months ago

ISCHEMIC STROKE

A hemorrhagic stroke can happen when blood from an artery begins bleeding into the brain after a blood vessel bursts. Doctors may also use the term intracranial stroke when talking about hemorrhagic stroke. The bleeding puts pressure on surrounding brain cells, damaging them. The damaged area becomes unable to function properly. This can lead to neurologic symptoms. It can be life-threatening. Causes A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel bursts, causing bleeding in the brain. As the blood presses on brain cells, it damages them. This can lead to neurological symptoms. There are different types of hemorrhagic stroke. An intracerebral hemorrhage is the most common type. In this type, bleeding occurs inside the brain. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, bleeding occurs between the brain and the membranes that cover it. What other types of stroke are there? Risk factors The following conditions, medical histories and habits may put a person at a higher riskTrusted Source of a stroke: high blood pressure high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol smoking diabetes genetic factors and family history a history of heart disease, cardiovascular disease, or stroke a previous brain aneurysm experiencing a viral infection that causes inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis high levels of stress and anxiety exposure to air pollution some medical conditions, such as a bleeding disorder or sickle cell disease using blood-thinning medication, such as warfarin (Coumadin) the use of recreational drugs such as cocaine low levels of exercise not having a varied and nutritious diet a high alcohol consumption a lack of sleep excess weight around the waist and abdomen cerebral amyloid angiopathy, in which proteins collect in the blood vessels in the brain, leading to damage and a risk of tears having a genetic condition where blood vessels form in a tangled web (arteriovenous malformations or AVMs) AVMs typically occur in the brain and spine. If they occur in the brain, the vessels can break, leading to bleeding into the brain. This disorder is rare. Risk factors specific to hemorrhagic stroke Additional risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage include blood vessels not forming correctly in the brain, known as cerebral cavernous malfunctions. Risk factors specific to subarachnoid hemorrhage include: having a bleeding disorder experience a head injury and physical trauma using blood-thinning medication a bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, called a cerebral aneurysm An aneurysm can increase in size, causing the artery wall to weaken. If an aneurysm bursts, uncontrolled bleeding may occur. Symptoms Recognizing the early symptoms of stroke is the best way to help a person get medical treatment quickly. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteTrusted Source urge people to remember the acronym FAST: F= face: Does one side of the face droop when the person smiles? A= arms: When they lift both arms, does one drift down? S= speech: Is the person’s speech slurred? T = time: Call 911 immediately if the answer to any of the above is yes. Symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke may start suddenly or develop over several days. A person may experience: a sudden, severe headache vision changes loss of balance or coordination becoming unable to move numbness or weakness on one side of the body seizures loss of speech or difficulty understanding speech confusion or loss of alertness nausea and vomiting loss of consciousness paralysis or numbness in any part of the body inability to look at bright light stiffness or pain in the neck area changes in heartbeat and breathing difficulty swallowing Complications Depending on the extent of the damage, a person may experience a range of complications from a hemorrhagic stroke. They includeTrusted Source: blood clots that may lead to deep vein thrombosis and possibly a pulmonary embolism muscle weakness inability to move difficulty swallowing or talking loss of bladder or bowel control memory loss or thinking difficulties loss of vision, hearing, or the sense of touch a higher risk of pneumonia, if the person inhales food or drink brain swelling that may need further treatment seizures mental health challenges, such as depression a reduction in bone density urinary tract infections if the person has a catheter pressure sores if the person is unable to move unaided shoulder pain due to muscle weakness Some of these will improve with time, and rehabilitation can help with others. A person may need ongoing medical treatment to monitor and manage their symptoms. Following a hemorrhagic stroke, a person may experience severe headaches for some time. A doctor will provide pain relief medication. Caffeine and alcohol use may make the headaches worse. Some people report a strange feeling like tickling in the brain. This usually resolves with time. Treatment Immediate treatment for hemorrhagic stroke is essential. Emergency treatment focuses on controlling bleeding and reducing pressure in the brain. Surgery known as a craniotomy may be necessary. A surgeon will open a small section of the skull to prevent further bleeding. They may need to repair blood vessels or seal an aneurysm. A doctor may prescribe medication to reduce blood pressure. This will lower pressure in the brain. If the person usually takes blood thinners or other anti-clotting drugs, the doctor may give medication to counter their impact. Rehabilitation Following emergency treatment, the individual will likely have a program of rehabilitationTrusted Source. This can help them: regain strength recover as much function as possible return to independent living The extent of recovery will depend on the area of the brain affected and the amount of tissue damage. Tips that may help include: following a heart-healthy diet avoiding or quitting smoking developing a plan for regular exercise, in consultation with a health professional managing body weight, if appropriate as far as possible, developing regular sleeping habits following the treatment plan, including medications and follow-up appointments asking about rehabilitation to help with speech, movement, and other challenges seeking support from loved ones and healthcare providers to manage mental health monitoring for new or worsening symptoms and complications and seeking help if they occur A doctor will help the individual determine the best rehabilitation program for them, depending on their age, overall health, and the impact of the stroke. Some people may need speech, physical, and occupational therapy. Therapy and medicine may also help manage any impact on the person’s mental health, such as depression. Prognosis It can take time to recover from a stroke, and some people never recover fully. They may need long-term treatment and supportive care. According to a research article published in 2011, 51–61%Trusted Source of people who experience an intracerebral hemorrhage do not survive the first year. Around half of these fatalities occur within 2 days of the stroke. However, the impact will depend on where the damage occurs, how severe it is, and how quickly a person receives treatment. While many people need ongoing care, around 20%Trusted Source can look after themselves independently after 6 months. A person who has had a stroke may also have a higher risk of having another one. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source 1 in 4 strokes that happen each year in the United States affect people who have had a stroke before. Diagnosis To diagnose a stroke, a doctor will likely: consider the person’s symptoms look at their medical history carry out a physical examination do some imaging tests carry out other tests During the physical exam, a doctor will assess: mental alertness coordination balance signs of numbness or weakness in the face confusion speech Imaging tests, such as a CT or MRI scan, can show if there is bleeding inside the brain. This can help identify the type of stroke. An electroencephalogram (EEG) gives information about brain function. The doctor may also recommend blood tests and a lumbar puncture. Prevention It is not always possible to prevent a stroke, but some lifestyle choices may help. These include quitting or avoiding smoking maintaining a healthy weight exercising regularly following a healthful and varied diet having regular health checks taking action to manage heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions These measures are especially important for people who have already had a stroke, to prevent another one. Hemorrhagic stroke in children Strokes usually affect older people, but they can also occur in children. Around halfTrusted Source of strokes in children are hemorrhagic, compared with 13% in adults. Possible causes of stroke in children include: blood vessel problems that are present at birth conditions that affect the blood, such as sickle cell disease infections trauma cancer drug use some metabolic disorders If a child has a hemorrhagic stroke, the symptoms most likely to appear are: weakness on one side of the body headache vomiting reduction or loss of consciousness seizures difficulty speaking sleepiness difficulty seeing There may also be a fever before other symptoms appear. Sometimes, an infant experiences a stroke soon after birth, but the symptoms may not be apparent or they may resemble those of another condition. In some cases, the effects only become apparent as the child develops. They may show signs of weakness, lethargy, apnea, speech difficulties, and other symptoms, such as headaches, that may last only a short time. Some children may experience repeated strokes, some of which may be transient, which means they pass quickly. Emergency treatment will aim to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. This may include measures to reduce pressure in the brain and preventing dehydration. The long-term impact will depend on the location and severity of the stroke. It can affectTrusted Source the individual’s physical and emotional health and their ability to learn and socialize. Long-term treatment, such as physical and speech therapy, can help. Overall the chance of surviving a stroke appears to beTrusted Source higher among children than in adults. If the child has another condition, such as a heart problem, this may affect their outlook.