Rahul Yadav about 7 years ago

Important points ✈✈✈✈✈✈ *.Pulmonary *Tuberculosis (PTB)* —low-gradeafternoon fever. *. *Pneumonia* —rust-colored sputum. *.Asthma*—wheezing on expiration. *.Emphysema*—barrel chest. *.Kawasaki Syndrome*—strawberry tongue. *.Pernicious Anemia*—red beefy tongue. *.Down syndrome*—protruding tongue. *.Cholera*—rice-watery stool and washer woman’s hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration). *.Malaria*—stepladder like fever with chills. *.Typhoid*—rose spots in the abdomen. *.Dengue*—fever,rash, and headache. Positive Herman’s sign. *.Diphtheria*—pseudomembrane formation. *.Measles*—Koplik’s spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa). *.Systemic Lupus Erythematosus*—butterfly rash. *.Leprosy*—leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin). *.Bulimia*—chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling). *.Appendicitis*—rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point. Rovsing’s sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ). Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip). *.Meningitis*—Kernig’s sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees), Brudzinski’s sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips). *.Tetany*—hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau’s sign; Chvostek sign. *.Tetanus*— Risus sardonicus or rictus grin. *.Pancreatitis*—Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus), Grey Turner’s sign (bruising of the flank). *.Pyloric Stenosis*—olive like mass. *.Patent Ductus Arteriosus*—washing machine-like murmur. *.Addison’s disease*—bronzelike skin pigmentation. *.Cushing’s syndrome*—moon face appearance and buffalo hump. *.Grave’s Disease (Hyperthyroidism)*—Exophthalmos(bulging of the eye out of the orbit). *.Intussusception—Sausage*-shaped mass. *.Multiple Sclerosis*—Charcot’s Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria. *.Myasthenia Gravis*—descending muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids). *.Guillain-Barre Syndrome*—ascending muscles weakness. *.Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)*—Homan’s Sign. *.Angina*—crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG. *.Myocardial Infarction (MI)*—crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms. Unrelieved by NTG. *.Parkinson’s disease*—pill-rolling tremors. *.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection*—Owl’seye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells). *.Glaucoma*—tunnel vision. *.Retinal Detachment*—flashes of light, shadow with curtain across vision. *.Basilar Skull Fracture*—Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle’s sign (mastoid ecchymosis). *.Buerger’s Disease*—intermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking). *.Diabetic Ketoacidosis*—acetone breathe. *.Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)*—proteinuria, hypertension, edema. *.Diabetes Mellitus*—polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria. *.Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)*—heartburn. *.Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic Megacolon)*—ribbon-like stool. *.Sexual Transmitted Infections:* *.Herpes Simplex Type Il*—painful vesicles on genitalia *.Genital Warts*—warts 1-2 mm in diameter. *.Syphilis*—painless chancres. *.Chancroid*—painful chancres. *.Gonorrhea*—green, creamy discharges and painful urination. *.Chlamydia*—milky discharge and painful urination. *.Candidiasis*—white cheesy odorless vaginal discharges. *.Trichomoniasis*—yellow, itchy, frothy, and foul-smelling vaginal discharges.