Which noninjectable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are under development?
Non-injectable COVID-19 Vaccines 1. hAd5 T-cell (ImmunityBio and NantKwest) 2. Intranasal COVID-19 vaccine (AdCOVID; Altimmune, Inc) 3. VXA-CoV2-1 oral vaccine (Vaxart) 4. Transdermal microneedle COVID-19 vaccines (U of Pittsburgh; U of Connecticut; Vaxess Technologies, Verndari) 5. MV-014-212 (Meissa Vaccines) 6. Triple antigen oral vaccine (Oravax) 7. Oral vaccine (Esperovax)