What are clinical signs of cavernous sinus syndrome?
A combination of presence of ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, conjunctival congestion, Hornor's syndrome and trigeminal sensory loss is seen is called cavernous sinus syndrome. This results from nerve involvement at cavernous sinus level. It can present as stabbing headaches, dizziness, progressive blurred vision, ptosis and ocular pain. Cavernous sinus is a plexus of veins lying in central base of skull. Surrounding it are: internal carotid artery, abducent nerve, occulomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic part of trigeminal nerve and sympathetic plexus. Syndrome occurs with involvement of these structures. Causes can be: vascular, traumatic, neoplastic or infectious. Diagnosis is done by clinical and radiological examinations.