Atrial Fibrillation (AF or A-fib):
is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (heart rhythm disorder). It may cause no symptoms, but it is often associated with palpitations, fainting, chest pain, or congestive heart failure. However, in some people atrial fibrillation is caused by otherwise idiopathic or benign conditions. The incidence and prevalence of AF is increasing and lifetime risk over the age of 40 years is ~25%. ECG Features of Atrial Fibrillation: • Irregularly irregular rhythm. • No P waves. • Absence of an isoelectric baseline. • Variable ventricular rate. • QRS complexes usually < 120 ms unless pre-existing bundle branch block, accessory pathway, or rate related aberrant conduction. • Fibrillatory waves may be present and can be either fine (amplitude < 0.5mm) or coarse (amplitude >0.5mm). • Fibrillatory waves may mimic P waves leading to misdiagnosis. *🔴🔵 Arrows show the changes of P wave between the Atrial Fibrillation and normal sinus rhythm.
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