Extradural hematoma
Extradural hematoma is the collection of blood between the skull and dura matter. The patient presents with the loss of consciousness followed by the lucid interval (where the person regains consciousness) in between. Signs includes bradycardia, dilated, fixed and non-reactive pupil on the affected side. On CT scan, the clot will appear as a bright and biconvex area with a well defined border. Picture credit: https://geekymedics.com/extradural-haematoma-overview/
Treatment includes: 1. Assessing and stabilising the airway, breathing and circulation according to the ATLS protocols. 2. Small epidural hematoma is treated conservatively with observation. 3. Surgical management is considered as the definitive treatment and includes craniotomy and laminectomy with the clearance of hematoma or the clot. 4. Patient is prescribed hyperosmotic agents like mannitol, hypertonic saline to reduce the edema.