Although epilepsy is mainly managed with the help of medicines, some refractory and complicated cases can require surgical intervention. The surgical procedures that can be performed include: - Focal Resection (Temporal and Extratemporal) - Lesionectomy - Multiple Subpial Transections - Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy - Hemispherectomy and Hemispherotomy (Anatomical or Functional) - Corpus Callosotomy - Stereotactic Radiosurgery - Neurostimulation Device Implantations (Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)) Anterior temporal resection is the most commonly done surgery for epilepsy that produces very good outcomes and has the highest success rate. Text Reference: https://www.epilepsy.com/learn/treating-seizures-and-epilepsy/surgery/types-epilepsy-surgery Image Source: http://www.indiasurgerytour.com/india-neurosurgery/india-surgery-epilepsy-treatment.html