Nephrolithiasis
Simply termed as kidney stones or renal calculi are hard deposits made of mineral or salt that form inside your kidney. Kidney stones can affect any part of your urinary tract — from your kidneys to your bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together. Causes: - Diet (increased calcium, oxalate and uric acid) - Obesity - Supplements and medication - Less water intake (dehydration) Symptoms: Pain is extremely severe in nature. It comes in waves below the ribs on your sides and back. It is sharp and may radiate towards pelvic area. Patient might also experience pain while urinating Types of kidney stones: Calcium stones, Struvite stones, Uric acid stones and cystine stones Depending on your situation, you may need nothing more than to take pain medication and drink lots of water to pass a kidney stone. In other instances — for example, if stones become lodged in the urinary tract, are associated with a urinary infection or cause complications — surgery may be needed. Source : mayoclinic