Onychogryphosis
Onychogryphosis! Toenails look way too long and badly neglected! Onychogryposis is a thickening and increase in curvature or curling of the nail, resembling claws. An affected nail may have many grooves and ridges, is usually brownish in color, and grows more quickly on one side than on the other, involving the great toe more commonly. It is the result of injury to the matrix, sometimes coupled with a long term fungal infection, which causes the nail to grow more thickly. It may be partially hereditary and is also caused by trauma or peripheral vascular disease, but most often secondary to self-neglect and failure to cut the nails for extended periods of time, seen in elderly. The thick curved nail is difficult to cut, and often remains untrimmed, exacerbating the problem. Treatment consists of avulsion of the nail plate with surgical destruction of the nail matrix with phenol or the carbon dioxide laser, if blood supply is adequate.
Hemodynamic stimuli&nonhemodynamic stimuli
