Dr. AG about 7 years ago

Measles Vaccine

• Live Attenuated Vaccine • Strain used in India, derived from Edmonston Zagreb strain of vaccine virus grown in human diploid cell. • Has a shelf life of 1 year at 4-8 ° C and loses potency rapidly after reconstitution. • Early Vaccination at 9 months in India balances the need of early protection with the ability to ensure seroconversion. • Unimmunized immunocompetent contacts older than 12 months must receive Measles Or MMR Vaccine Within 72 Hrs of exposure. Epidemiology Of Measles :- • Agent - RNA Paramyxovirus. • Source - Infected Measles Patient. • Infective Material - Secretions of nose, throat and respiratory tract of case of measles. • Communicability - Highest At Prodromal Stage And At Time Of Eruption. Period of communicability is 4 days before and 4 days after appearance of rash. • Host - Human. • Age - Child Between 6 Months To 3 Years ( Developing Countries ) And Over 5 Years ( Developed Countries ) . • Sex - Equal Incidence. • Immunity - Maternal Antibodies ( Till 6 Months To 9 Months ) And Vaccination ( Beyond 9 Months ) . • Nutrition - Severe In Malnourished Child. • Environment - In India, common in winter and early spring ( January To April ) . • Transmission - Droplet Infection And Droplet Nuclei. • Incubation Period - 10 Days ( Exposure To Onset Of Fever ) And 14 days ( To Appearance Of Rash ) . Complications Of Measles :- ✓ Most Common :- • Measles Associated Diarrhoea • Pneumonia ( Virus > Bacteria ) And Other Respiratory Complications • Otitis Media ✓ Most Serious :- • Neurological Complications - ~ Febrile Convulsions ~ Encephalitis ~ Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ( SSPE - Rare, Progressive mental deterioration leading to paralysis, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity and coma ) ~ Pregnancy ( Spontaneous Abortion And Premature Delivery ) • Vitamin A Deficiency ( Keratomalacia And Blindness From Corneal Scarring )