This is a case of an extremely low birth weight infant which is a term used to describe birth weight of less than 1000g. Most infants are also the youngest of premature newborns, usually born at 27 weeks' gestational age or younger.Due to the gestational age, these infants are prone to severe sequelae, such as chronic lung disease, cognitive delays, cerebral palsy, and neurosensory deficits (ie, deafness and blindness). Surfactant is given to all premature babies to decrease mortality. This is due to insufficient surfactant production by the underdeveloped lungs, which is a substance that coats the airways and normally helps in keeping the lungs inflated and prevents the collapse of the alveoli. Photo by @imtiyaz_kuchay