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Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. When the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.A mass lesion such as hematoma can be formed causing a significant mass effect (shift of intracranial structures). For intracranial hematomas, the collected blood may be removed using suction or forceps or it may be floated off with water. Surgeons look for hemorrhaging blood vessels and seek to control bleeding. In penetrating brain injury, damaged tissue is surgically debrided, and craniotomy may be needed. Craniotomy, in which part of the skull is removed, may be needed to remove pieces of fractured skull or objects embedded in the brain.