A 50-year-old woman presents with fatigue, insomnia, hot flashes, night sweats, and absence of menses for the last 5 months (secondary amenorrhea). Her urine hCG test is negative. Laboratory tests reveal decreased serum estrogen and increased serum FSH and LH levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this individual’s clinical signs and symptoms?
ExplanationMenopause refers to cessation of menstrual cycles in females, while menarche refers to the first menstrual cycle. Characteristics of menopause include elevated gonadotropins (FSH is the best indicator), secondary amenorrhea, hot flashes, decreased vaginal secretions, and night sweats. In addition, atrophy begins in estrogen-dependent tissues, such as the vagina. Gradual loss of bone density can lead to osteoporosis.