A 6-yr-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia has had a central venous catheter (Hickman catheter) in place for 1 yr to facilitate administration of chemotherapy. He was brought into the clinic with a temperature of 39°C. His mother reports that he was well until an hour after she routinely flushed his line with heparin, when he developed the fever and had rigors. Aside from increased heart rate, his vital signs and findings on physical examination are normal. He is not neutropenic. The most appropriate approach to management of this child is:
ExplanationThe risk of catheter-associated infection is significant. Antibiotics should be administered after blood cultures are obtained. Antibiotic treatment is successful for most systemic bacterial infections without removal of the device. Antibiotic therapy should be directed to the isolated pathogen and given for a total of 10-14 days. Until identification and susceptibility testing are available, empirical therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin or aminoglycoside plus vancomycin is indicated.