MEDizzy
MEDizzy
USMLE
Geriatric Medicine
An 81-year-old man with chronic stable angina was taking asprin 75mg OD, simvastatin 40mg OD, bisoprolol 2.5mg OD, nicorandil 10mg BD, and lisinopril 2.5mg OD. He was a non-smoker and was not diabetic. He had been unwell for 4 weeks with generalized lethargy, increasing exertional shortness of breath and postural light-headedness. During this time he had 3 days of loose dark stools and mild upper abdominal discomfort, which had now settled. Subsequently, he reported his angina was occurring on minimal exertion. On examination, he was pale, with a sinus tachycardia of 105beats/ min. His BP was 130/70 sitting and 105/60 standing. Respiratory and abdominal examinations were unremarkable, but he declined a digital rectal examination. While in the clinic, he had an episode of suspected angina and an ECG confirmed dynamic anterior lead t-wave inversion. This settled with use of the GTN spray. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate course of action?
Explanation
ExplanationThe abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, and symptoms consistent with anaemia are concerning for a sub-acute upper GI bleed. The modest postural drop in BP and tachycardia imply a degree of hypovolaemia. It is likely that relative hypoperfusion of his coronary arteries and anaemia are behind the exacerbation of his angina. Treatment should be to restore his circulating volume and correct the anaemia. Fluid resuscitation and confirmation of his blood count are therefore the most appropriate next steps in his management. GTN infusion, antiplatelets, and heparin could exacerbate any bleeding or hypotension, and worsen coronary artery oxygen supply
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