MEDizzy
MEDizzy
USMLE
Combined hemotology IV
A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency room complaining of a red, tender rash that has been spreading across her arms and legs over the past 2 days. She also describes severe diffuse muscle pain that has worsened over a week’s time. She woke up feeling as though she could not catch her breath and has developed a dry cough over the past several days. She is without any significant medical history but recalls that she had similar symptoms several years ago, and was told she was having an allergic reaction. Her symptoms abated with an oral glucocorticoid taper. She takes no prescription medications but takes a number of over-the-counter nutritional supplements daily. She cannot describe any allergic trigger to her previous episode or her current one. Her family history is unremarkable, and her close contacts are not ill. She works in an office, has no pets, and has not travelled internationally. Her laboratory results are remarkable for a leukocyte count of 12,100 cells/ µL and a total eosinophil count of 1100/µL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
Explanation
ExplanationThis patient presents with signs and symptoms of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, which is triggered by ingestion of contaminants in L-tryptophancontaining products. This is a multisystem disease that can present acutely and can be fatal. The two clinical hallmarks are marked eosinophilia and myalgias without any obvious etiology. Eosinophilic fasciitis, pneumonitis, and myocarditis may be present. Typical eosinophil counts are >1000/µL. Treatment includes withdrawal of all L-tryptophancontaining products and administration of glucocorticoids. Lactose intolerance is very common and typically presents with diarrhea and gas pains temporally related to ingestion of lactose-containing foods. While systemic lupus erythematosus can present in myriad ways, eosinophilia and myalgias are atypical of this illness. Celiac disease, also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is characterized by malabsorption and weight loss and can present with non-gastrointestinal symptoms; these classically include arthritis and central nervous system disturbance. The case above would not be compatible with celiac disease.
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