Which of the following is common in patients with Kallmann syndrome?
ExplanationKallmann syndrome results from defective hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis and is associated with anosmia or hyposmia due to olfactory bulb agenesis or hypoplasia. Classically, the syndrome may also be associated with color blindness, optic atrophy, nerve deafness, cleft palate, renal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, and neurologic abnormalities such as mirror movements. Associated clinical features, in addition to GnRH defciency, vary depending on the genetic cause. GnRH defciency prevents progression through puberty. Males present with delayed puberty and pronounced hypogonadal features, including micropenis, which are probably the result of low testosterone levels during infancy. Females present with primary amenorrhea and failure of secondary sexual development. A white forelock is typical of Waardenburg syndrome, whereas hyperphagic obesity is common in Prader-Willi syndrome.
