A 7-year-old boy presents with palpable purpura on the buttocks and legs, fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, arthritis in
his knees and ankles, melena, and hematuria. His mother states that he had an upper respiratory illness approximately 1 week ago, but has otherwise been well. Blood tests reveal mild renal insufficiency. The most likely cause of the bleeding into the skin observed in this patient is