What Is a Ventilator? A ventilator (VEN-til-a-tor) is a machine that supports breathing. These machines mainly are used in hospitals. Ventilators: what is purpose of ventilator ? 1.Get oxygen into the lungs. 2.Remove carbon dioxide from the body. 3.Help people breathe easier. 4.Breathe for people who have lost all ability to breathe on their own. 5.A ventilator often is used for short periods, such as during surgery when you're under general anesthesia. 6.A ventilator also may be used during treatment for a serious lung disease or other condition that affects normal breathing. A ventilator doesn't treat a disease or condition. It's used only for life support. Other Names for a Ventilator? 1.Mechanical ventilator 2.Respirator 3.Breathing machine How Does a Ventilator Work? 1.Ventilators blow air—or air with extra oxygen—into the airways and then the lungs. The airways are pipes that carry oxygen-rich air to your lungs. They also carry carbon dioxide, a waste gas, out of your lungs. 2.The Breathing Tube A ventilator blows air into your airways through a breathing tube. One end of the tube is inserted into your windpipe and the other end is attached to the ventilator. The breathing tube serves as an airway by letting air and oxygen from the ventilator flow into the lungs. 3.The Ventilator A ventilator uses pressure to blow air or a mixture of gases (like oxygen and air) into the lungs. This pressure is known as positive pressure. You usually exhale (breathe out) the air on your own, but sometimes the ventilator does this for you too. A ventilator can be set to "breathe" a set number of times a minute. Sometimes it's set so that you can trigger the machine to blow air into your lungs. But, if you fail to trigger it within a certain amount of time, the machine automatically blows air to keep you breathing. MODE of ventilator 1 Volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 2 Volume controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 3 Pressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation 4 Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation 5 Continuous spontaneous ventilation 1.Volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (I).....Volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV - formerly known as assist control) Continuous mandatory ventilation — (CMV) is a mode of mechanical ventilation where breaths are delivered based on set variables. In previous nomenclature CMV referred to "controlled mechanical ventilation", a mode of ventilation characterized by a ventilator that makes no effort to sense patient effort. In continuous mandatory ventilation CMV the ventilator can be triggered by the patient or mechanically by the ventilator. The ventilator is set to deliver a breath according to parameters selected by the operator. CMV may be uncomfortable for the patient. "Assist control" or "controlled mechanical ventilation" are outdated terms for CMV, which is now accepted standard nomenclature. Volume-controlled CMV, Limits in VC-CMV may be set and pressure based. The ventilator will attempt to deliver the set tidal volume utilizing whatever pressure is required to reach its setting. A pressure limit may be added to limit damage to the lungs (barotrauma). 2.Volume controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (I) ...Synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV) Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) refers to any mode of mechanical ventilation where a regular series of breaths are scheduled but the ventilator senses patient effort and reschedules mandatory breaths based on the calculated need of the patient. Similar to continuous mandatory ventilation in parameters set for the patients pressures and volumes but distinct in its ability to support a patient by either supporting their own effort or providing support when patient effort is not sensed. IMV is frequently paired with additional strategies to improve weaning from ventilator support or to improve cardiovascular stability in patients who may need full life support. (II) ...Mandatory minute ventilation (MMV) Mandatory minute ventilation (MMV) (also called minimum minute ventilation) is a mode of mechanical ventilation which requires the operator to determine what the appropriate minute ventilation for the patient should be and the ventilator then monitors the patient's ability to generate this volume. If the calculation suggests the volume target will not be met, supplemental breaths are delivered at the targeted volume to achieve the desired minute ventilation. 3.Pressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (I).... Pressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV) formerly known as simply pressure control ventilation. Continuous mandatory ventilation — (CMV) is a mode of mechanical ventilation where breaths are delivered based on set variables. In previous nomenclature CMV referred to "controlled mechanical ventilation", a mode of ventilation characterized by a ventilator that makes no effort to sense patient effort. In continuous mandatory ventilation CMV the ventilator can be triggered by the patient or mechanically by the ventilator. The ventilator is set to deliver a breath according to parameters selected by the operator. CMV may be uncomfortable for the patient. "Assist control" or "controlled mechanical ventilation" are outdated terms for CMV, which is now accepted standard nomenclature. 4.Pressure controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation (I)....Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation that utilizes an inverse ratio ventilation strategy. APRV is an applied continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that at a set timed interval releases the applied pressure. Depending on the ventilator manufacturer, it may be referred to as BiVent. This is just as appropriate to use, since the only difference is that the term APRV is copyrighted. (II).....Pressure regulated volume control (PRVC) Dual-control modes of ventilation are auto-regulated pressure-controlled modes of mechanical ventilation with a user-selected tidal volume target. The ventilator adjusts the pressure limit of the next breath as necessary according to the previous breath's measured exhaled tidal volume. Peak airway pressure varies from breath to breath according to changes in the patient's airway resistance and lung compliance. The pressure waveform is square, and the flow waveform is decelerating. This mode is a form of continuous mandatory ventilation as a minimum number of passive breaths will be time-triggered, and patient-initiated breaths are time-cycled and regulated according to operator-set tidal volume. The first few breaths are delivered to the patient according to the ventilator manufacturer's particular algorithm for determining the patient's resistance and compliance. These are 'test breaths' that the ventilator can then use to calculate the optimal pressures for the next, regulated breaths. The pressure is constant during the set inspiratory time as with pressure-controlled CMV. The ventilator will use the exhaled tidal volume measured at the end of that breath's expiratory phase to calculate the pressure of the next breath. If the exhaled tidal volume is lower than the software threshold, the next breath will be delivered at a higher pressure, and if the exhaled tidal volume is higher than the software threshold, the next breath will be delivered at a lower pressure. (III).....Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) refers to any mode of mechanical ventilation where a regular series of breaths are scheduled but the ventilator senses patient effort and reschedules mandatory breaths based on the calculated need of the patient. Similar to continuous mandatory ventilation in parameters set for the patients pressures and volumes but distinct in its ability to support a patient by either supporting their own effort or providing support when patient effort is not sensed. IMV is frequently paired with additional strategies to improve weaning from ventilator support or to improve cardiovascular stability in patients who may need full life support. (IV)....Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) 5.Continuous spontaneous ventilation (I),,,,,Continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV or sometimes Cpap. Continuous spontaneous ventilation is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and patient cycled). Dependent modes Some modes of mechanical ventilation require spontaneous ventilation, some of these include: Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP, BiPAP®) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Airway pressure release ventilation[1] (APRV, (II)...Bilevel positive pressure ventilation (BPAP or sometimes, though unrecommended "BiPap" Continuous spontaneous ventilation is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and patient cycled). Dependent modes Some modes of mechanical ventilation require spontaneous ventilation, some of these include: Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP, BiPAP®) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Airway pressure release ventilation[1] (APRV, What Are the Risks of Being on a Ventilator? 1.Infections 2.Pneumothorax 3.Lung damage 4.Oxygen toxicity Riyaz Raza