Digital subtraction angiography images taken before and after the occurrence of moderate, severe cerebral vasospasm (VS). Patient 1 (aged 55 years): image taken ( a ) before clipping surgery and ( b ) 8 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) onset; spasm rate 34–65%. Patient 2 (aged 51 years): image taken ( c ) before clipping surgery and ( d ) 10 days after aSAH onset; spasm rate: ≥ 66%. Both patients received placebo.