MEDizzy
MEDizzy
Saukat___đź’•
Saukat___đź’•about 2 years ago
Cabg .. just great experience.. today i realize gonna someone hope, someone hero.đź’š

Cabg .. just great experience.. today i realize gonna someone hope, someone hero.đź’š

The first step in the surgery is for the surgeon to prepare the arteries or remove the veins that will be used as bypass grafts. Next, the surgeon makes an incision down the center of your chest, through your sternum (breast bone), so your heart and coronary arteries can be seen. Your heart will likely be stopped for a short time so the surgeon can perform the bypass procedure on a “still” heart. During this time, the heart-lung bypass machine takes over for the heart and lungs, so blood keeps moving throughout the rest of the body. This is called “on-pump” surgery. The pump is turned off after the grafts are in place. Your heart beat and blood flow return to normal. The surgery can sometimes be done without using the heart-lung machine, while your heart is still beating. This is called “off-pump” or “beating heart” surgery.

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Ischemic heart diseaseRheumatic heart diseaseHeart and the pericardiumHeart Valves and Cusps IIHeart Valves and CuspsHeart Attack Vs Cardiac ArrestOral Diuresis in Heart FailureHeart and Lung Auscultation### Anatomy of the Heart: Summary The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. It is located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a fist. #### 1. **Structure:** - **Chambers:** The heart has four chambers: - **Right Atrium:** Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cavae. - **Right Ventricle:** Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. - **Left Atrium:** Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. - **Left Ventricle:** Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta. - **Valves:** The heart contains four main valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow: - **Tricuspid Valve:** Located between the right atrium and right ventricle. - **Pulmonary Valve:** Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. - **Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve:** Located between the left atrium and left ventricle. - **Aortic Valve:** Located between the left ventricle and the aorta. #### 2. **Wall Layers:** - **Epicardium:** The outer layer, also known as the visceral pericardium. - **Myocardium:** The thick, muscular middle layer responsible for contraction. - **Endocardium:** The inner layer that lines the chambers and valves. #### 3. **Blood Supply:** - The heart receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries, which branch off the aorta. The **right coronary artery** supplies the right side of the heart, while the **left coronary artery** branches into the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries, supplying the left side. #### 4. **Electrical System:** - The heart's rhythmic contractions are controlled by its electrical conduction system, which includes: - **Sinoatrial (SA) Node:** The natural pacemaker located in the right atrium. - **Atrioventricular (AV) Node:** Receives impulses from the SA node and transmits them to the ventricles. - **Bundle of His and Purkinje Fibers:** Distribute the electrical impulse throughout the ventricles, leading to contraction. #### 5. **Function:** - The heart functions in two primary circulatory loops: - **Pulmonary Circulation:** Moves deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. - **Systemic Circulation:** Distributes oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body. The anatomy of the heart is crucial for its role in maintaining effective circulation and overall cardiovascular health. Understanding its structure helps in diagnosing and treating various heart conditions.Symptoms of coronary artery diseases

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