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Angiotensin II

Direct effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) to increase proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Ang II stimulates sodiumhydrogen exchange (NHE) on the luminal membrane and the sodium-potassium ATPase transporter as well as sodium-bicarbonate co-transport on the basolateral membrane. These same effects of Ang II likely occur in several other parts of the renal tubule, including the loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule.