It is good to note that the cytochrome P450 genes are essential in the synthesis as well as the breakdown of many compounds and chemicals within cells. Some of the substances synthesized by these enzymes include steroid hormones and bile acids. However, cytochrome P450 enzymes are noted for the breakdown of exogenous substances like ingested drugs. These enzymes use haem iron to oxidise molecules, often making them more water-soluble for clearance. These enzymes are mainly found in hepatocytes but can be found in other cells. Inside the cell, they can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrium. In their function of breaking down medication, some drugs cause an increased expression of cytochrome p450 genes and hence increased production of the enzymes. These are known as cytochrome p450 enzyme inducers. Other drugs bind to the active site of the enzymes and inhibit their activity. These are known as the inhibitors. A knowledge of the inducers and inhibitors is essential so as to prevent drug-drug interactions when administering drugs to a patient. Below is a mnemonic to help with that😉 P450 Inhibitors SICKFACES.COM Group🤒 Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol..binge drinking Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole Grapefruit juice P450 Inducers CRAP GPS 🌐 Carbemazepines Rifampicin Alcohol (chronic) Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitone Sulphonylureas